What should controlled-impedance PCB prototypes confirm? Nets, stackups, and test coupons
Controlled-impedance PCB purchasing must map target nets, actual layer pairs, manufacturing geometry, and test coupons to one another. This article adds a TDR definition, a reflection-coefficient example, calibration and measurement-window tables, and an abnormal-result retest process. It explains single-ended and differential measurement boundaries so one passing coupon report is not substituted for complete interface verification.
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